4 мая_гр18_ур7_д2

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Вот ваше задание на среду 5 мая:

 Homework

Speaking

Workbook Lesson 7

• read grammar notes on Instrumental Case and Instrumental Case of Nouns pp.9-11 and 12-15

Multimedia Lesson 7 

• exe. 3-5

Textbook Lesson 7 

• p.25 fill in the blanks 
• ex. 36 p. 31 fill in the Я column 

Start learning your story about American families ex. 128b from Lesson 6. Due date Friday the  6th

FSiLearn

Listening Comprehension 

Lesson 7 Extensive Listening

Food: What Russians Eat for Breakfast

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBrNY0njwq4

Reading

Stage 2 Part 1

• review vocabulary for stories on pp. 27 and 29 by rereading the articles and
• 
  

preview vocabulary for stories p. 31 (on migration trends ) and p. 33 (on forgotten leader of Russian revolution) 

[look at the first word, then go to the body of the article and scan it for this word; once found - highlight/underline/put an asterisk* next to it. Repeat with the rest of the words. Vocab  for story on p. 31 about migration is on p.32 and for the story on p. 33 about a forgotten leaders is on p. 34 Remember: we are not reading the story, we are just searching for the words from the vocabulary list on pp. 32 and 34] 

Cultural Awareness 

В. И. Ленин - Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov

• born 22 April 1870 died 21 January 1924 
• a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist
• born to an upper middle-class family in Simbirsk, 
• embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution
• served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
• Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Communist Party
• Ideologically a Marxist, he developed a subset of Marxism called Leninism
• Widely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century
• was the posthumous subject of a pervasive personality cult within the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991
• an ideological figurehead behind Marxism–Leninism
• a prominent influence over the international communist movement
• a controversial and highly divisive historical figure
• viewed by his supporters as a champion of socialism and the working class
• critics accuse him of establishing a totalitarian dictatorship which oversaw mass killings and political repression

нарком (народный комиссариат) - a People's Commissariat 

• was a structure in the Soviet state from 1917–1946
• functioned as the central executive body in charge of managing a particular field of state activity or a separate sector of the national economy; analogue of the ministry
• the People's Commissariat was headed by the People’s Commissar  народный комиссар = нарком), which is part of the government – the Council of People's Commissars of the appropriate level

• were created as central organs of state administration when Soviet power was established in the republics in the territory of the former Russian Empire

Октябрьская революция - The October Revolution or the Great October Socialist Revolution

• under the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution
• was led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin 
• was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923
•  he second revolutionary change of government in Russia in 1917
• took place through an armed insurrection in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) on 7 November 1917 [O.S. 25 October]
• was the precipitating event of the Russian Civil War.
•  followed and capitalized on the February Revolution earlier in the year
• The February Revolution had overthrown the Tsarist autocracy, resulting in a provisional government
• The provisional government had taken power after being proclaimed by Grand Duke Michael, Tsar Nicholas II's younger brother, who declined to take power after the Tsar stepped down
• During this time, urban workers began to organize into councils (soviets) wherein revolutionaries criticized the provisional government and its actions
• the provisional government remained widely unpopular, especially because it was continuing to fight in World War I, and had ruled with an iron fist throughout the summer including killing hundreds of protesters in the July Days
•  the left-wing Bolsheviks were deeply unhappy with the government, and began spreading calls for a military uprising
• on 10 October 1917 the Petrograd Soviet, led by Trotsky, voted to back a military uprising
• on 24 October the government shut down numerous newspapers and closed the city of Petrograd in an attempt to forestall the revolution
• minor armed skirmishes broke out
• the next day a full scale uprising erupted as a fleet of Bolshevik sailors entered the harbor and tens of thousands of soldiers rose up in support of the Bolsheviks
• Bolshevik Red Guards forces under the Military-Revolutionary Committee began the occupation of government buildings on 25 October 1917
• the following day, the Winter Palace (the seat of the Provisional government located in Petrograd, then capital of Russia) was captured
• as the Revolution was not universally recognized, the country descended into civil war, which would last until 1923 
• the Civil War lead to the creation of the Soviet Union in late 1922
• During Soviet times, revolution day was a national holiday, marking its importance in the country's founding story
• the event inspired many cultural works, and ignited communist movements across Europe and globally
• Many Marxist–Leninist parties around the world still celebrate October Revolution Day

Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili

• born on 18 December and died on 5 March 1953
• was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader
• governed the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953
• General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1952) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)
• consolidated power to become dictator by the 1930s by eliminating his competition 
• ideologically adhering to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, he formalized these ideas as Marxism–Leninism
• his own policies are called Stalinism
• Born to a poor family in Gori in the Russian Empire (now Georgia)
• attended the Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
• he edited the party's newspaper, Pravda, and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings and protection rackets
• repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles
• After the October Revolution in 1917 joined its governing Politburo
• served in the Russian Civil War
• assumed leadership over the country following Lenin's death in 1924
• under Stalin, socialism in one country became a central tenet of the party's dogma
• as a result of his Five-Year Plans, the country underwent agricultural collectivization and rapid industrialization
• created a centralized command economy
• severe disruptions to food production contributed to the famine of 1932–33
• instituted the Great Purge to eradicate accused "enemies of the working class"
• over a million were imprisoned and at least 700,000 executed between 1934 and 1939
• by 1937, he had absolute control over the party and government.
• promoted Marxism–Leninism abroad through the Communist International
• supported European anti-fascist movements during the 1930s, particularly in the Spanish Civil War
• in 1939, his regime signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, resulting in the Soviet invasion of Poland
• Germany ended the pact by invading the Soviet Union in 1941
• presided over the Soviet post-war reconstruction and its development of an atomic bomb in 1949
• during these years, the country experienced another major famine and an anti-Semitic campaign
•  his rule was denounced by his successor Nikita Khrushchev 
• the de-Stalinisation of Soviet society was initiated 
• the subject of a pervasive personality cult within the international Marxist–Leninist movement
• was revered as a champion of the working class and socialism
• after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Stalin has retained popularity in Russia and Georgia as a victorious wartime leader who cemented the Soviet Union's status as a leading world power
• his regime has been described as totalitarian, and has been widely condemned for overseeing mass repression, ethnic cleansing, wide-scale deportation, hundreds of thousands of executions, and famines that killed millions

Лев Давидович Троцкий born Lev Davidovich Bronstein

• born on 7 November 1879 and died 21 August 1940
• was a Ukrainian-Russian Marxist revolutionary, political theorist and politician
• ideologically a communist
• he developed a variant of Marxism which has become known as Trotskyism
• born to a wealthy Ukrainian-Jewish family in Yanovka (now Bereslavka)
•  in 1896 embraced Marxism after moving to Mykolaiv
• in 1898, he was arrested for revolutionary activities and exiled to Siberia
• escaped from Siberia in 1902 and moved to London
•  befriended Vladimir Lenin at that time 
• in 1903, he sided with  Mensheviks against Lenin's Bolsheviks
• helped organize the failed Russian Revolution of 1905, after which he was again arrested and exiled to Siberia
•  again escaped, and spent the following 10 years working in Britain, Austria, Switzerland, France, Spain, and the United States
• after the 1917 February Revolution brought an end to the Tsarist monarchy, returned from New York via Canada to Russia and became a leader in the Bolshevik faction
• as chairman of the Petrograd Soviet, he played a key role in the October Revolution of November 1917 that overthrew the new Provisional Government

• Once in government, Trotsky initially held the post of Commissar for Foreign Affairs 
• was directly involved in the 1917–1918 Brest-Litovsk negotiations with Germany as Russia pulled out of the First World War
• from March 1918 to January 1925, headed the Red Army as People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs and played a vital role in the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922

• in 1919 became one of the seven members of the first Bolshevik Politburo 
• gradually lost his government positions after the death of Lenin (January 1924) and the rise of Joseph Stalin
• in February 1929  was expelled him from the Soviet Union by the Politburo 
• spent the rest of his life in exile
• wrote prolifically and openly criticized Stalinism and Stalin
• in 1938 Trotsky and his supporters founded the Fourth International in opposition to Stalin's Comintern
• was assassinated in August 1940 in Mexico City by Ramón Mercader, an agent of the Soviet NKVD after surviving multiple attempts on his life
• written out of Soviet history books under Stalin
• was one of the few rivals of Stalin who was not be rehabilitated by either Nikita Khrushchev or Mikhail Gorbachev
• in 2001 was rehabilitated by the Russian Federation